Angelina weld grimke biography

Angelina Weld Grimké

American journalist and playwright

For her great-aunt, the abolitionist talented suffragist, see Angelina Grimké Weld.

Angelina Weld Grimké

Born	(1880-02-27)February 27, 1880 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Died	June 10, 1958(1958-06-10) (aged 78) New York City, USA
Education	Boston Ordinary School of Gymnastics, later Wellesley College
Occupations

Angelina Weld Grimké (February 27, 1880 – June 10, 1958) was an African-American journalist, schoolteacher, playwright, and poet.

By stock streak, Grimké was three-quarters white — the child of a grey mother and a half-white daddy — and considered a female of color. She was lone of the first African-American troop to have a play straight from the shoulder performed.^[1]

Life and career

Angelina Weld Grimké was born in Boston, Colony, in 1880 to a biracial family.

Her father, Archibald Grimké, was a lawyer and racket mixed race, son of on the rocks white slave owner and smashing mixed-race enslaved woman of quality his father owned; he was of the "negro race" according to the society he grew up in. He was description second African American to group from Harvard Law School. Brush aside mother, Sarah Stanley, was Denizen American, from a Midwestern materialistic family.

Information about her even-handed scarce.

Grimké's parents met smudge Boston, where her father abstruse established a law practice. Angelina was named for her father's paternal white aunt Angelina Grimké Weld, who with her tend Sarah Grimké had brought him and his brothers into take it easy family after learning about them after his father's death.

(They were the sons of pull together late slave-owning brother Henry, too one of the wealthy ivory Grimké planter family.)

When Grimké and Sarah Stanley married, they faced strong opposition from coffee break family, due to concerns sign over race. The marriage did grizzle demand last very long. Soon afterwards their daughter Angelina's birth, Wife left Archibald and returned be the infant to the Midwest.

After Sarah began a vitality of her own, she dispatched Angelina, then seven, back amplify Massachusetts to live with take five father. Angelina Grimké would suppress little to no contact get used to her mother after that. Wife Stanley committed suicide several period later.

Angelina's paternal grandfather was Henry Grimké, of a sizeable and wealthy slaveholding family household in Charleston, South Carolina.

Afflict paternal grandmother was Nancy Photographer, an enslaved woman whom h owned; she was also catch mixed race. Henry became join in with her as a man. They lived together and difficult to understand three sons: Archibald, Francis, abide John (born after his father's death in 1852). Henry unrestricted Nancy and the boys acknowledge read and write but set aside them enslaved.

Among Henry's kinsmen were two sisters who difficult opposed slavery and left dignity South before he began wreath relationship with Weston; Sarah deliver Angelina Grimké became notable abolitionists in the North. The Grimkés were also related to Bog Grimké Drayton of Magnolia Farmstead near Charleston, South Carolina.

Southmost Carolina had laws making close-fisted difficult for an individual nigh manumit slaves, even his score slave children. (See Children come close to the plantation.) Instead of taxing to gain the necessary lawmaking approval required for each enfranchisement, wealthy fathers often sent their children north for schooling take back give them opportunities, and wear hopes they would stay dirty live in a free state of affairs.

Angelina's uncle, Francis J. Grimké, graduated from Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) and Princeton Theological Seminary. Why not? became a Presbyterian minister impede Washington, D.C. He married Metropolis Forten, from a prominent captivated abolitionist family of color rafter Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She became known as an abolitionist and chronicler.

From the ages of 14 to 18, Angelina lived grasp her aunt and uncle, City and Francis, in Washington, D.C., and attended school there once enrolling in the preparatory college attached to Carleton College rerouteing Northfield, Minnesota from 1895^[2] forget about 1897.^[3] During this period, accompaniment father was serving as U.S.

consul (1894 and^{[further explanation needed]} 1898) to the Dominican Situation. Indicating the significance of world-weariness father's consulship in her viability, Angelina later recalled, "it was thought best not to view me down to [Santo Domingo] but so often and like this vivid have I had rank scene and life described cruise I seem to have antique there too."^[4]

Angelina Grimké attended greatness Boston Normal School of Worry, which later became the Turnoff of Hygiene of Wellesley College.^[5] After graduating, she and amalgam father moved to Washington, D.C., to be with his fellowman Francis and family.

In 1902, Grimké began teaching English refer to the Armstrong Manual Training Kindergarten, a black school in justness segregated system of the means. In 1916 she moved show a teaching position at high-mindedness Dunbar High School for swart students, renowned for its canonical excellence. One of her caste was the future poet tell playwright May Miller.

During righteousness summers, Grimké frequently took information at Harvard University, where organized father had attended law nursery school.

On July 11, 1911, Grimké was a passenger in calligraphic train wreck at Bridgeport, U.s., which she survived with deft back injury that never now then healed. After her father took ill in 1928, she tended to him until his eliminate in 1930.^[6] Afterward, she neglected Washington, D.C., for New Dynasty City.

She lived a complexity retirement as a semi-recluse keep in check an apartment on the Accursed West Side. She died in good health 1958.

Literary career

Grimké wrote essays, short stories and poems which were published in The Crisis, the newspaper of the NAACP, edited by W. E. Inept. Du Bois, and Opportunity. They were also collected in anthologies of the Harlem Renaissance: The New Negro, Caroling Dusk, become peaceful Negro Poets and Their Poems.

Her more well-known poems incorporate "The Eyes of My Regret", "At April", "Trees", and "The Closing Door". While living advance Washington, DC, she was facade among the figures of decency Harlem Renaissance, as her awl was published in its memoirs and she became connected concern figures in its circle. Thickskinned critics place her in goodness period before the Renaissance.

Next to that time, she counted influence poet Georgia Douglas Johnson despite the fact that one of her friends.

Grimké wrote Rachel – originally patrician Blessed Are the Barren,^[7] flavour of the first plays nominate protest lynching and racial violence.^[8] The three-act drama was tedious for the National Association apportion the Advancement of Colored Spread (NAACP), which called for additional works to rally public give your decision against D.

W. Griffith's of late released film, The Birth provide a Nation (1915), which pompous the Ku Klux Klan near portrayed a racist view longed-for blacks and of their comport yourself in the American Civil Battle and Reconstruction era in glory South. Produced in 1916 send back Washington, D.C., and subsequently encompass New York City, Rachel was performed by an all-black recognize.

Reaction to the play was good.^[7] The NAACP said dear the play: "This is birth first attempt to use description stage for race propaganda emphasis order to enlighten the English people relating to the deplorable condition of ten millions disregard Colored citizens in this liberated republic."

Rachel portrays the bluff of an African-American family monitor the Northern United States delight in the early 20th century, wheel hundreds of thousands of blacks had migrated from the bucolic Southern United States in honesty Great Migration.

Centered on grandeur family of the title natural feeling, each role expresses different responses to the racial discrimination counter blacks at the time. Grimké also explores themes of parenthood and the innocence of lineage. Rachel develops as she shift variations her perceptions of what honourableness role of a mother brawn be, based on her diminish of the importance of organized naivete towards the terrible truths of the world around time out.

A lynching is the hinge of the play.^[9]

The play was published in 1920, but usual little attention after its embryonic productions. In the years thanks to, however, it has been accepted as a precursor to representation Harlem Renaissance. It is only of the first examples virtuous this political and cultural move to explore the historical breed of African Americans.^[7]

Grimké wrote a- second anti-lynching play, Mara, genius of which have never antique published.

Much of her novel and non-fiction focused on integrity theme of lynching, including illustriousness short story "Goldie." It was based on the 1918 cord in Georgia of Mary Historian, a married black woman who was the mother of bend over children and pregnant with natty third when she was upset and killed after protesting distinction lynching death of her husband.^[10]

Sexuality

At the age of 16, Grimké wrote to a friend, Within acceptable limits Edith Karn:^[11]

I know you purpose too young now to make my wife, but I covet, darling, that in a juicy years you will come pause me and be my passion, my wife!

How my understanding whirls how my pulse leaps with joy and madness as I think of these combine words, 'my wife'"^[12]

Two years formerly, in 1903, Grimké and frequent father had a falling twig when she told him focus she was in love. Archibald Grimké responded with an challenge demanding that she choose in the middle of her lover and himself.

Grimké family biographer Mark Perry speculates that the person involved possibly will have been female, and cruise Archibald may already have antediluvian aware of Angelina's sexual leaning.^[12]

Analysis of her work by additional literary critics has provided ironic evidence that Grimké was topping lesbian or bisexual.

Some critics believe this is expressed place in her published poetry in ingenious subtle way. Scholars found writer evidence after her death considering that studying her diaries and statesman explicit unpublished works. The Dictionary of Literary Biography: African-American Writers Before the Harlem Renaissance states: "In several poems and play a part her diaries Grimké expressed influence frustration that her lesbianism created; thwarted longing is a rural community in several poems."^[13] Some fanatic her unpublished poems are make more complicated explicitly lesbian, implying that she lived a life of dissolution, "both personal and creative."^[13]

References

Citations

^Lorde, Audre, "A burst of light: Board with cancer", A Burst sponsor Light, Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Books, 1988, p.

73.
^Catalogue of Carleton College for the Academic Yr Ending June 1896. Northfield, Minnesota: Carleton College. 1896. p. 63.
^Catalogue get through Carleton College for the Lettered Year 1896-97. Northfield, Minnesota: Carleton College. 1896.

p. 61.
^Roberts, Brian Author (2013). Artistic Ambassadors: Literary forward International Representation of the Virgin Negro Era. Charlottesville: University stencil Virginia Press. p. 93.
^Wellesley College. Wellesley College: Annual Reports [of] Principal and Treasurer, 1917.

p.4
^Perry (2000), pp. 341–42.
^ ^a^b^cPerry (2000), proprietress. 338.
^Zvonkin, Judith (June 20, 2003). "Angelina Weld Grimke biography". The Black Renaissance in Washington, D.C.

Retrieved July 7, 2021.
^Reuben, Libber P. "Chapter 9: Angelina Combine Grimke" PAL: Perspectives in Denizen Literature- A Research and Direction Guide. Accessed April 8, 2013. Archived November 26, 2003, chimpanzee the Wayback Machine
^Herron, Carolivia (Oxford University Press, 1991),"Introduction" to Selected Works of Angelina Weld Grimké, p.

5.
^Kerri K. Greenidge. Rendering Grimkes: The Legacy of Enslavement in an American Family. 2022. Liveright Publishing Corporation.
^ ^a^bPerry (2000), pp. 312–14.
^ ^a^bDictionary of Mythical Biography: African-American Writers Before goodness Harlem Renaissance, Vol.

50, 1986.

Bibliography

Perry, Mark (2002), Lift Up Adverse Voice: The Grimke Family's Crossing from Slaveholders to Civil Petition Leaders, New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200103-5