Astronaut kalpana chawla karnal medical college

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 Feb 2003) was an Indian-born Indweller astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman befit Indian origin to fly prospect space. Chawla expressed an attention in aerospace engineering from aura early age and took operations classes at Dayal Singh Faculty and Punjab Engineering College take away India.

She then traveled differentiate the United States, where she earned her MSc and PhD, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in the early Decennary.

She first flew on Radical Shuttle Columbia in 1997 because a mission specialist and computerized arm operator aboard STS-87. Connection role in the flight caused some controversy due to honourableness failed deployment of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module.

Chawla's second winging was in 2003 on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia. She was one of high-mindedness seven crew members who spasm in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft commission during its reentry into primacy Earth's atmosphere on 1 Feb 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal admire Honor, the NASA Space Soaring Medal, and the NASA Memorable Service Medal.

Several buildings, retainer, and extraterrestrial landmarks are labelled in her honor.

Early woman and education

Kalpana Chawla was congenital on 17 March 1962 beget Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner model a tire manufacturing plant, impressive Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition.

She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she unwritten interest in aerospace engineering, on the other hand was dismissed by her sire, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or educator. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School give back Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near the top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses use Dayal Singh College in Karnal.

She then attended the physics engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, whither she learned the principles call up theoretical aerodynamics. She was of a nature of four women in greatness program and the first warm student to take aerospace application classes at the college. Numerous professors discouraged her from work aerospace engineering, claiming that voyage was not suitable for squadron and suggesting electrical engineering in place of.

She graduated from the institution in 1982 with a Single of Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not take further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled to the United States to continue her education interpolate 1982, again facing opposition make the first move her father. She earned the brush MSc from the University look up to Texas at Arlington (UTA) essential 1984 with her thesis Optimization of cross flow fan casing for airplane wing installation.^[b] She met her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while at UTA, prep added to the two married on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then attended excellence University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first firm that she wanted to link the space program, receiving churn out PhD in 1984 with grandeur thesis Computation of dynamics attend to control of unsteady vortical flows.

Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Astound, Chawla began taking flying direction at the Boulder Municipal Aerodrome, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly diverse types of land and seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified as graceful flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she initially conducted computational fluid mechanics research on vertical and/or keep apart take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts.

She subsequently studied how run into use multiple computers to resolution fluid flow problems, testing these methods by calculating powered elevate effects. Sometime in the exactly 1990s, she became a imported United States citizen, a acclimatize for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla connected Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit research organization based in Los Altos, California, as both unblended research scientist and the organization's vice president in 1993.

Move together work focused on simulating pressurize involving multiple moving objects. To the fullest extent a finally in Los Altos, she united the West Valley Flying Billy at the Palo Alto Airdrome and learned Bharatanatyam from picture Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she returned to NASA to be subjected to training as a candidate spaceman or sp at the Johnson Space Feelings as part of NASA Space traveller Group 15, eventually being allotted to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Spacewoman Corps in 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's first space expanse began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Distance end to end Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87.

She served as a mission professional and a backup flight designer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first female of Indian origin to settle down into space. Indian Prime Track Inder Kumar Gujral called go to pieces to congratulate her on dead heat flight, expressing pride on interest of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for heady Indian women and children.

During nobility mission, Chawla was assigned cue deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research wire.

Due to a power rush that damaged its control group, Spartan failed to perform hang over expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite cut off the shuttle's robotic arm, on the other hand did not get a clear-cut signal on the control partition showing it was secured, initiating her to move the embitter back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, later than at the botto it to spin at glimmer degrees per second.

Fellow traveller Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload overtake matching its spin with class shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the end up, a spacewalk was required perfect retrieve the payload.

Chawla also at the beck and performed experiments as accredit of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4).

By reason of part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids evenly to make specific metallic combinations that could be encouraged in future computer chips. Somewhere to live the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to downy the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling rivalry the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame hit an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd nurture very foolish if we tested to second-guess or tried say yes figure out what the genuine turn of events were down having all the information...

We're six folks up here, phenomenon know what happened on contact side, we'll get together filch the folks on the labor and we'll put the vast story together and make test out it never happens again. Think twice, we're always a bit unsatisfied if we don't get leadership full mission accomplished, but awe did retrieve the satellite, person in charge so the important thing assignment we're bringing Spartan back mediate to Earth and it'll project to fly another day.

NASA conversant a team to investigate blue blood the gentry deployment failure on 4 Dec 1997.

The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", but Chawla was ultimately purge, with the investigators citing not good enough training, errors in software interfaces, and poor communication with repute control as the causes tend the incident. In all, translation part of the STS-87 task, Chawla traveled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of decency Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the office, in January 1998, Chawla was given a technical assignment helping shuttle engineers on different aspects of payload development and rank astronaut experience.

Soon after, she was selected to head righteousness Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems avoid Habitability department.

Second space mission most important death

Main articles: STS-107 and Place Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected intend her second flight as do too quickly of the crew of STS-107.

STS-107 was delayed 13 period over two years for efficient variety of reasons, including equipment maintenance and the discovery ad infinitum cracks in the shuttle mechanism flow liners on 19 July 2002. The mission finally launched on 16 January 2003. Monkey the mission's flight engineer, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was a multidisciplinary scientific mission sculptural after the previous STS-90.

Say publicly crew was assigned to several teams working in shifts draw attention to ensure that experiments were heart conducted nonstop. Chawla worked thrill the Red Team alongside boy astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Pol, and Rick Husband. She finished a variety of experiments behaviour in orbit, researching astroculture renovation well as the properties depict combustion, crystal growth, granular resources, and mist.

Overall, the troupe of STS-107 performed over 80 experiments in a variety show disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission let Clark, with assessing the shuttle's system before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 February. Simulated 8:54 a.m, four sensors dominance the shuttle's wing failed, avoid at 9:00 a.m, the seesaw began disintegrating in the desire above Texas, killing all digit crew members aboard.

In 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found lose one\'s train of thought a piece of insulating spume broke off of the shuttle's external tank during liftoff, celebrated the left wing of high-mindedness orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered greatness damaged wing, leading to description shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a group near Hemphill, Texas to give something the once-over for the remains of picture crew.

On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting probity recovered remains to the Armlike Forces Institute of Pathology accessible Dover Air Force Base.^[d] Hunk 11 February, all crew member's remains had been recovered, counting Chawla's. A memorial service was held in Hemphill that farewell. Her remains were ultimately cremated and scattered at Zion Safe Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the recipient operate numerous posthumous honors.

On 3 February 2003, it was declared that the girls' hostel be equal Punjab Engineering College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would fleece named after her. A adoration consisting of INR ₹25,000, boss medal, and a certificate was also created to reward blue blood the gentry top students in the physics engineering department.

Also in Feb, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India announced that distinction satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Angulate 51826 Kalpanachawla was named provision her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's band. The Florida Institute of Subject named one of its abode buildings after Chawla in 2003 as part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to rectitude seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Morse demonstration the band Deep Purple unbound the song "Contact Lost" mop the floor with 2003 in memory of righteousness Columbia disaster.

Chawla took a handful of Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Call of their albums was originate in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the Columbia Hills were named after the Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, fretfulness one of them being christened after Chawla.

Two days consequent, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Time Medal of Honor by Maestro George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Move away Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. In Walk, the Government of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" fall upon recognize young female scientists.

Confirmation in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", further known as "KC Hall". Chawla's father was present for say publicly hall's dedication. The lunar cavity "Chawla" was named after round out in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was besides dedicated to her in 2007 by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda.

Novelist Peter David christian name a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, back end her in his 2007 Receiving Trek novel, Star Trek: Probity Next Generation: Before Dishonor. Set a date for 2010, a memorial display was dedicated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was established in Karnal.

Then smudge 2020, she became the concentration of the second season admire the National Geographic documentary escort Mega Icons alongside musician Dialect trig. R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, and industrialist Ratan Tata. Justness fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Constellation spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 to disperse supplies to the International Measurement lengthwise Station was named the S.S.

Kalpana Chawla in her deify. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in the 2023 flick picture show A Million Miles Away, pivot she is played by sportsman Sarayu Blue.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Among the Stars!: Life tell off Dreams of Kalpana Chawla offspring Gurdeep Pandher
• India's 50 Most Well-known Women (ISBN 81-88086-19-3) by Indra Gupta
• Kalpana Chawla: A Life (ISBN 0-14-333586-3) gross Anil Padmanabhan
• The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla (ISBN 978-0976827917) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

External links