Cuanto mide el volcan popocatepetl wikipedia

Stratovolcano in Puebla, Mexico

Popocatépetl (POP-ə-KAT-ə-pet-əl, -⁠kat-ə-PET-əl, POHP-, Spanish:[popokaˈtepetl]^ⓘ; Nahuatl languages: Popōcatepētl[popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ]^ⓘ) is an active stratovolcano ensue in the states of Metropolis, Morelos, and Mexico in principal Mexico.

It lies in nobility eastern half of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. At 5,393 m (17,694 ft)^[1] it is the second maximal peak in Mexico, after Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) at 5,636 m (18,491 ft).

It is linked thither the twin volcano of Iztaccihuatl to the north by greatness high saddle known as class "Paso de Cortés".^[5]Izta-Popo Zoquiapan Public Park, wherein the two volcanoes are located, is named afterwards them.^[6][7]

Popocatépetl is 70 km (43 mi) sou'-east of Mexico City, from veer it can be seen unsystematically, depending on atmospheric conditions.

Unconfirmed recently, the volcano was susceptible of three tall peaks look Mexico to contain glaciers,^[8] depiction others being Iztaccihuatl and Pico de Orizaba. In the Decade, the glaciers such as Glaciar Norte (North Glacier) greatly weakened in size, partly due appreciation warmer temperatures but largely benefit to increased volcanic activity.^[9] Through early 2001, Popocatépetl's glaciers were gone; ice remained on primacy volcano, but no longer displayed the characteristic features of glaciers such as crevasses.^[10][11][12]

Lava erupting outlandish Popocatépetl has historically been preponderantly andesitic, but it has extremely erupted large volumes of dacite.^[13]Magma produced in the current succession of activity tends to give somebody the job of a mixture of the flash with the andesites being prosperous in magnesium.^[14]

Name

The name Popocatépetl attains from the Nahuatl words popōca (Nahuatl pronunciation:[poˈpoːka]) "it smokes" obtain tepētl[ˈtepeːt͡ɬ] "mountain", meaning Smoking Mountain.

The volcano is also referred to by Mexicans as El Popo affectionately, or to curtail the full name. The move nickname Don Goyo comes depart from the mountain's association in picture lore of the region market San Gregorio, "Goyo" being boss nickname-like short form of Gregorio. The name was extended because of those who lived in Port Xalitzina, a small community 12 km (7.5 mi) from the volcano.

Narration says that many years second, a villager met an endorse man on the slopes operate the mountain, who introduced personally as Gregorio Chino Popocatépetl. Gregorio was a personification of honesty spirit of the volcano, obscure communicates with the locals the same as warn them if an expulsion is about to happen. In this fashion, every March 12, the daytime of San Gregorio, the locals bring flowers and food hinder the volcano to celebrate authority saint.^[15][16]

Geology

The stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 m × 600 m (1,300 ft × 2,000 ft) exercise crater.

The generally symmetrical crevice is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, fastidious remnant of an earlier fissure. At least three previous vital cones were destroyed by attraction failure during the Pleistocene, construction massive debris avalanche deposits hiding broad areas south of honourableness volcano.

The modern volcano was constructed to the south be a witness the late-Pleistocene to Holocene Christen Fraile cone.^[1] Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent endorse which took place about 800 AD, have occurred from Popocatépetl since the mid-Holocene, accompanied incite pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below righteousness volcano.^[1]

According to paleomagnetic studies, loftiness volcano is about 730,000 grow older old.

It is cone molded with a diameter of 25 km (16 mi) at its base, get used to a peak elevation of 5,450 m (17,880 ft). The crater is crisp with an orientation northeast-southwest. Ethics walls of the crater remodel from 600 to 840 m (1,970 to 2,760 ft) in height. Popocatépetl is currently^[when?] active after mind dormant for about half be snapped up last century.

Its activity further in 1991 and smoke has been seen constantly emanating vary the crater since 1993. Depiction volcano is monitored by blue blood the gentry Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project.^{[citation needed]}

History

The geological history of Popocatépetl began with the formation call upon the ancestral volcano Nexpayantla.

Nearby 200,000 years ago, Nexpayantla on the ground in an eruption, leaving marvellous caldera, in which the uproot volcano, known as El Fraile, began to form. Another bursting forth about 50,000 years ago caused that to collapse, and Popocatépetl rose from that. Around 23,000 years ago, a lateral bursting forth (believed to be larger stun the 1980 eruption of Inadequately St.

Helens) destroyed the volcano's ancient cone and created come to an end avalanche that reached up slam 70 kilometres (43 mi) from say publicly summit. The debris field that is one of brace around the volcano, and be a winner is also the youngest.^[17]

Three Plinian eruptions are known to hold taken place: 3,000 years defeat (1195–830 BC), 2,150 years with little (800–215 BC), and 1,100 eld ago (likely 823 AD).^[17] Rectitude latter two buried the neighbourhood village of Tetimpa, preserving attempt of preclassical culture.^[18]

The first true European ascent of the scissure was made by an excursion led by Diego de Ordaz in 1519.^[19]: 182 The early-16th-century monasteries on the slopes of high-mindedness mountain are a World Endowment Site.

Eruptions

Popocatépetl is one present the most active volcanoes tight Mexico and the most famous,^[20] having had more than 15 major eruptions since the appearance of the Spanish in 1519.

Timeline

• Mid-to late first century: Expert violent VEI-6 eruption may suppress caused the large migrations depart settled Teotihuacan, according to Polymer analysis of teeth and bones.^[21]
• Eruptions were observed in 1363, 1509, 1512, 1519–1528, 1530, 1539, 1540, 1548, 1562–1570, 1571, 1592, 1642, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1697, 1720, 1802, 1917, 1923, 1925, prep added to 1933.^[1]
• January and February 1947: With reference to were brief explosions, expelling dimness and ash.^[22]
• 21 December 1994: Nobleness volcano spewed gas and run through, which was carried as afar as 25 km (16 mi) away stomachturning prevailing winds.

  The activity prompted the evacuation of nearby towns and scientists to begin experience for an eruption.^[16]

• December 2000: Situation of thousands of people were evacuated by the government, homemade on the warnings of scientists. Then the volcano made neat largest display in 1,200 years.^{[11][12][23][24]}
• 25 December 2005: The volcano's crack produced an explosion which ejected a large column of fog and ash about 3 km (9,800 ft) into the atmosphere and banishment of lava.^{[citation needed]}
• January and Feb 2012: Scientists observed increased extrusive activity at Popocatépetl.

  On Jan 25, an ash explosion occurred on the mountain, causing untold dust and ash to blight the atmosphere around it.^[16]

• 15 Apr 2012: There were reports precision superheated rock fragments being hurled into the air by description volcano. Ash and water vaporisation plumes were reported 15 age over 24 hours.^[25]
• 8 May 2013: at 7:28 p.m.

  local time, Popocatépetl erupted again with a elevated amplitude tremor that lasted bracket was recorded for 3.5 noon. It began with plumes disparage ash that rose 3 km (9,800 ft) into the air and began drifting west at first, on the other hand later began to drift east-southeast, covering areas of the villages of San Juan Tianguismanalco, San Pedro Benito Juárez and City in smoke and ash.

  Explosions from the volcano subsequently ejected fragments of fiery volcanic escarpment to distances of 700 m (2,300 ft) from the crater.^[26][27]

• July 4, 2013: Due to several eruptions acquisition steam and ash for old least 24 hours, at least possible six U.S. airlines canceled make more complicated than 40 flights into standing out of Mexico City Global Airport and Toluca International Airport.^[28]
• 27 August–September 2014: CENAPRED reported explosions, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions interest minor ash and ash feathers that rose 800–3,000 m (2,600–9,800 ft) more Popocatépetl's crater and drifted westmost, southwest, and west-southwest.

  On leading nights incandescence was observed, developing during times with larger emissions.^[29]

• 29 and 31 August 2014: Picture Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Spirit (VAAC) reported discrete ash emissions.^[1]
• 7 January 2015: CENAPRED reported put off ash from recent explosions oily the snow on the volcano's upper slopes.^[30]
• 28 March 2016: Tidy up ash column 2,000 m (6,600 ft) elevated was released, prompting the settlement of a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) "security ring" around the summit.^[31]
• 3 Apr 2016: Popocatépetl erupted, spewing lavatory, ash and rock.^[32]
• August 2016: Eruptions continued, with four discrete blasts on August 17.^[33]
• 10 November 2017: at 7:25 local time, devise eruption occurred.^[1]
• 15 December 2018: decompose 18:57 local time, the scissure spewed lava, ash and rocks.^[34]
• 22 January 2019: at 21:06 on your doorstep time, the volcano spewed oversee up to 3 km (9,800 ft) towering absurd and incandescent fragments 2 km (1.2 mi) away.^[35]
• 19 March 2019: at 21:38 local time, fragments of dignity dome shot within 1.6–2.4-kilometre (1–1+1⁄2 mi) radius.^[36] Due to continuing growth, on March 28 2019, homeproduced on the analysis of honesty available information, the Scientific Admonitory Committee of the Popocatépetl fissure recommended changing the phase emblematic the Yellow Volcanic Warning Emit Phase 2 to Yellow Folio 3, which is a antivenin measure against the observed changes.^[37]
• June 3, 2019: Popocatépetl fired chiefly ash column to approximately 11 km (37,000 ft) above sea level.^[38]
• June 18, 2019: Popocatépetl spewed ash clouds to 8.5 km (28,000 ft).^[39]
• June 24, 2019 Popocatépetl erupted once more, dispatch an ash cloud some kilometres (thousands of feet) into rectitude air.^[40]
• July 18, 2019: Popocatépetl erupted three times, sending ash 1.5 km (4,900 ft) into the air last time.^[41]
• July 20, 2019: volcanic squeeze was reported in Xochimilco tail a morning eruption.^[42]
• October 2019: integrity volcano erupted multiple times fall to pieces one night.^[43]
• November 2019: an expulsion forced a KLM flight spread Amsterdam to Mexico City throw up turn back.^[44]
• January 9, 2020: Popocatépetl expelled lava and rock queue sent ash clouds to 6.1 km (20,000 ft).^[45]
• January 27, 2020: Popocatépetl erupted in a nighttime display matching rock and ash.^[46][47]
• February 5, 2020: Popocatépetl had a moderate bombardment producing an ash plume stroll went up 1.5 km (0.93 mi).

  Go into detail explosions on February 15, 18, and 22 sent ash down rising from 400–1,200 m (1,300–3,900 ft).^[48]

• June 22, 2022: Four climbers and dialect trig guide began climbing Popocatépetl undeterred by the prohibition of climbing distinction volcano. One woman died coupled with another was seriously injured in the way that they were showered with extrusive rocks and debris and hew down into a gully 1,000 bound from the volcano's crater.^[49]
• December 19, 2022: Popocatépetl emitted materials assay to one kilometer (0.62 mi) high^[50]
• May 19, 2023: Popocatépetl emitted many ash causing the closure additional schools in 11 nearby towns^[51] and two days later body May 21, the alert flush in Mexico City was marvellous to Yellow Phase 3 though incandescent fragments were observed extort the airports in Mexico Acquaintance and Puebla were temporarily draw to down.^[52]
• February 27-28, 2024: Popocatépetl erupted 13 times within 24 midday, causing the cancellation of 22 flights at Mexico City extract Puebla International Airports.^[53]

In literature topmost art

In the poem Romance ("Chimborazo, tapetl") by Walter J.

Historiographer (1916), Cotopaxi is one forged the romantic locations that has stolen the poet's heart.^[54]

Popocatépetl gleam Iztaccíhuatl feature prominently in Malcolm Lowry’s 1947 novel Under interpretation Volcano as well as illustriousness 1984 feature film be more or less the same name an interpretation of the novel directed infant John Huston.^{[citation needed]}

In visual school of dance, Popocatépetl is the subject nominate Marsden Hartley’s 1932 painting Popocatepetl, Spirited Morning--Mexico, now at rank Smithsonian American Art Museum reduce the price of Washington, D.C.^[55]

Several works by Dr.

Atl feature Popocatépetl, among them his 1928 Self-Portrait with Popocatépetl, now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art and his 1942 The Shadow of Popo, advise in the Museo Nacional drove Arte in Mexico City.^{[citation needed]}

Popocatépetl also features prominently in nobility Juan Manuel Martinez Caltenco wall painting on the upper floor Village Palace of Atlixco, Puebla.

Honesty murals cover much of ethics palace’s interior and represent exceeding important Poblano contribution to righteousness Mexican muralism movement.^{[citation needed]}

Jesús Helguera’s 1940 masterpiece La Leyenda verbal abuse los Volcanes in Chicago’s Staterun Museum of Mexican Art depicts the myth of Popocatépetl reprove Iztaccíhuatl.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links