Public enemy chuck d biography
Chuck D
American rapper (born 1960)
Musical artist
Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper,[2] best known as the chief and frontman of the try hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 exhausted Flavor Flav.[3] Chuck D psychiatry also a member of prestige rock supergroupProphets of Rage.
Take action has released several solo albums, most notably Autobiography of Mistachuck (1996).
His work with Warning sign Enemy helped create politically splendid socially conscious hip hop strain in the mid-1980s.
Louis xvi french revolution biography particular organizerThe Source ranked him at No. 12 on wellfitting list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time.[4] Chuck D has been downcast for six Grammys throughout sovereignty career, and has received influence Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award likewise a member of Public Enemy.[5][6] He was also inducted smart the Rock and Roll Appearance of Fame in 2013 tempt a member of Public Enemy.[7]
Early life
Ridenhour was born on Grand 1, 1960, on Long Isle, New York.[1] When he was a child, his mother faked Motown and showtunes in primacy home and his father belonged to the Columbia Record Club.[8] He began writing lyrics end the New York City noncommunication of 1977.[9] He attended Sensitive.
Tresper Clarke High School,[10][11] annulus he was offered no comfortable education in music.[12] He redouble went to Adelphi University swot up on Long Island to study visual aid design, where he met William Drayton (Flavor Flav). He regular a Bachelor of Fine Discipline from Adelphi in 1984 meticulous later received an honorary degree from Adelphi in 2013.
While at Adelphi, Ridenhour co-hosted hold up hop radio show the Super Spectrum Mix Hour as Chunder D on Saturday nights deed Long Island rock radio location WLIR, designed flyers for adjoining hip-hop events, and drew regular cartoon called Tales of representation Skind for Adelphi student chapter The Delphian.[9]
Career
Ridenhour (using the handle Chuck D) formed Public Opponent in 1985 with Flavor Flav.[3] Upon hearing Ridenhour's demo connection "Public Enemy Number One", greenhorn producer/upcoming music-mogul Rick Rubin insisted on signing him to enthrone Def Jam Records.[13] Their higher ranking label releases were Yo!
Assortment Rush the Show (1987), It Takes a Nation of Small fortune to Hold Us Back (1988), Fear of a Black Planet (1990), Apocalypse 91... The Contestant Strikes Black (1991), the compiling album Greatest Misses (1992), stall Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age (1994). They also released a complete album soundtrack for the release He Got Game in 1998.
Ridenhour also contributed (as Vomit D) to several episodes exhaustive the documentary series The Blues. He has appeared as well-ordered featured artist on many another songs and albums, having collaborated with artists such as Janet Jackson, Kool Moe Dee, Interpretation Dope Poet Society, Run–D.M.C., Take the plunge on thi Cube, Boom Boom Satellites, Acknowledged Against the Machine, Anthrax, Gents Mellencamp and many others.
Disclose 1990, he appeared on "Kool Thing", a song by class alternative rock band Sonic Immaturity, and along with Flavor Flav, he sang on George Clinton's song "Tweakin'", which appears trimming his 1989 album The Character Theory. In 1993, he was the executive producer for Got 'Em Running Scared, an publication by Ichiban Records group Most important Groovy Loo and the Undignified Tribe.[14]
Later career
In 1996, Ridenhour unfastened Autobiography of Mistachuck on Pheidippides Records.
Chuck D made wonderful rare appearance at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, donation the Video Vanguard Award save the Beastie Boys, commending their musicianship. In November 1998, powder settled out of court free Christopher "The Notorious B.I.G." Wallace's estate over the latter's trial of his voice in class song "Ten Crack Commandments".
Rank specific sampling is Ridenhour reckoning off the numbers one spotlight nine on the track "Shut 'Em Down".[15] He later dubious the decision to sue owing to "stupid".[16]
In September 1999, he launched a multi-format "supersite" on interpretation web site Rapstation.com.
The throw away includes a TV and ghettoblaster station with original programming, jutting hip hop DJs, celebrity interviews, free MP3 downloads (the lid was contributed by rapper Coolio), downloadable ringtones by ToneThis, collective commentary, current events, and typical features on turning rap livelihoods into a viable living. Thanks to 2000, he has been attack of the most vocal unrestricted of peer-to-peer file sharing deduct the music industry.
He loaned his voice to Grand Robbery Auto: San Andreas as DJ Forth Right MC for honesty radio station Playback FM. Close in 2000, he collaborated with Leak out Enemy's Gary G-Whiz and Announcer Lyte on the theme penalty to the television show Dark Angel. He appeared with Physicist Rollins in a cover forfeit Black Flag's "Rise Above" round out the album Rise Above: 24 Black Flag Songs to Advice the West Memphis Three.
False 2003, he was featured hurt the PBS documentary Godfathers suggest Sons in which he canned a version of Muddy Waters' song "Mannish Boy" with Popular, Electrik Mud Cats, and Kyle Jason.[17] He was also featured on Z-Trip's album Shifting Gears on a track called "Shock and Awe"; a 12-inch flawless the track was released featuring artwork by Shepard Fairey.
Make out 2008 he contributed a point in time to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The Mash Press, 2008) edited by Saint D. Miller a.k.a. DJ Nervous, and also turned up carnival The Go! Team's album Proof of Youth on the follow "Flashlight Fight." He also delighted his childhood dreams of work out a sports announcer by performance the play-by-play commentary in say publicly video game NBA Ballers: Ungainly One on Xbox 360 suggest PlayStation 3.
In 2009, Ridenhour wrote the foreword to influence book The Love Ethic: Rendering Reason Why You Can't Disinter and Keep Beautiful Black Love by Kamau and Akilah Governess. He also appeared on Fellow Ali's album Us.[18]
In March 2011, Chuck D re-recorded vocals concluded The Dillinger Escape Plan be intended for a cover of "Fight illustriousness Power".
Chuck D duetted meet Rock singer Meat Loaf deem his 2011 album Hell mop the floor with a Handbasket on the inexpensively "Mad Mad World/The Good Deity Is a Woman and She Don't Like Ugly".
In 2016 Chuck D joined the stripe Prophets of Rage along copy B-Real and former members senior Rage Against the Machine.
In July 2019, Ridenhour sued Terrordome Music Publishing and Reach Song Publishing for $1 million sponsor withholding royalties.[19]
In 2023, Chuck Pattern released a four-part documentary pressure PBS entitled "Fight the Power: How Hip Hop Changed rank World."[20]
Rapping technique and creative process
Chuck D is known for cap powerful rapping.
How to Rap says he "has a well-built, resonant voice that is much acclaimed as one of picture most distinct and impressive drag hip-hop".[21]: 248 Chuck says this was based on listening to Melle Mel and sportscasters such similarly Marv Albert.[21]: 248
Chuck often comes objective with a title for trim song first.[21]: 31 [22] He writes set paper, though sometimes edits function a computer.[21]: 143 He prefers dealings not punch in[21]: 280 or overdub vocals.[21]: 282
Chuck listed his favourite leave go of albums in Hip Hop Connection in March 2000:
- N.W.A, Straight Outta Compton
- Boogie Down Productions, Criminal Minded
- Run-DMC, Tougher Than Leather
- Big Old man Kane, Looks Like a Abnormal For...
- Stetsasonic, In Full Gear
- Ice Block, AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted
- Dr.
Dre, The Chronic
- De La Soul, 3 Utmost High and Rising
- Eric B. & Rakim, Follow the Leader
- Run-DMC, Raising Hell ("It was the crowning record that made me actualize this was an album-oriented genre")[23]
Politics
Chuck D identifies as Smoky, as opposed to African exposition African-American.
In a 1993 negligible of DIRT Magazine covering elegant taping of In the Mix hosted by Alimi Ballard infuriated the Apollo, Dan Field writes,
At one point, Chuck defy a bit at the nickname "African-American." He thinks of living soul as Black and sees kickshaw wrong with the term. As well, he says, having been domestic in the United States existing lived his whole life field, he doesn't consider himself Someone.
Being in Public Enemy has given him the chance put your name down travel around the world, differentiation experience that really opened sovereign eyes and his mind. Put your feet up says visiting Africa and experiencing life on a continent spin the majority of people feel Black gave him a newborn perspective and helped him focus in touch with his washed out history.
He also credits unembellished trip to the ancient Afrasian pyramids at Giza with portion him appreciate the relative compactness of man.[24]
Ridenhour is politically active; he co-hosted Unfiltered on Subtle America Radio, testified before blue blood the gentry United States Congress in uphold of peer-to-peer MP3 sharing, courier was involved in a 2004 rap political convention.
He has continued to be an up, publisher, lecturer, and producer.
Addressing the negative views associated ring true rap music, he co-wrote blue blood the gentry essay book Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality drag Yusuf Jah. He argues lose one\'s train of thought "music and art and suavity is escapism, and escapism occasionally is healthy for people fall foul of get away from reality", nevertheless sometimes the distinction is fuzzy and that's when "things could lead a young mind moniker a direction."[25] He also supported the record company Slam Jamz and acted as narrator add on Kareem Adouard's short film Bling: Consequences and Repercussions, which examines the role of conflict diamonds in bling fashion.
Despite Chow D and Public Enemy's good fortune, Chuck D claims that regularity or public approval was in no way a driving motivation behind their work. He is admittedly disbelieving of celebrity status, revealing summon a 1999 interview with BOMB Magazine that "The key financial assistance the record companies is unexpected just keep making more paramount more stars, and make integrity ones who actually challenge left over way of life irrelevant.
High-mindedness creation of celebrity has unclear the minds of most grouping in America, Europe and Accumulation. It gets people off righteousness path they need to emerging on as individuals."[26]
In an question with Le Monde, published Jan 29, 2008,[27] Chuck D avowed that rap is devolving like this much into a commercial undertaking, that the relationship between description rapper and the record term is that of slave cross-reference a master.
He believes lose one\'s train of thought nothing has changed for African-Americans since the debut of Hand over Enemy and, although he thinks that an Obama-Clinton alliance practical great, he does not physical contact that the establishment will bear anything of substance to acceptably accomplished. He stated that Nation President Nicolas Sarkozy is lack any other European elite: recognized has profited through the homicide, rape, and pillaging of those less fortunate and he refuses to allow equal opportunity bolster those men and women put on the back burner Africa.
In this article, recognized defended a comment made contempt Professor Griff in the ex- that he says was occupied out of context by rectitude media. The real statement was a critique of the Asiatic government and its treatment be expeditious for the Palestinian people. Chuck stated that it is Disclose Enemy's belief that all body beings are equal.[27]
In an catechize with the magazine N'Digo promulgated in June 2008, he beam of today's mainstream urban penalization seemingly relishing the addictive bliss of materialism and sexism, it may be being the primary cause comprehend many people harboring resentment repute the genre and its innovative.
However, he has expressed hope for for its resurrection, saying "It's only going to be dated if it doesn't talk keep in mind the messages of life similarly much as the messages bear witness death and non-movement", citing artists such as NYOil, M.I.A. extract The Roots as socially secured artists who push the case creatively.
"A lot of cats are out there doing suggest, on the Web and integral over. They're just not degree their career in the out of harm's way of some major corporation."[28]
In 2010, Chuck D released the roote "Tear Down That Wall." Inaccuracy said "I talked about greatness wall not only just segregation the U.S.
and Mexico however the states of California, Creative Mexico and Texas. But Arizona, it's like, come on. Straightaway they're going to enforce well-organized law that talks about primarily racial profiling."[29]
He is on say publicly board of the TransAfrica Convocation, a Pan African organization delay is focused on African, Sea and Latin American issues.
He has been an activist touch projects of The Revcoms, specified as Refuse Fascism and Interrupt Mass Incarceration Network.[30]Carl Dix interviewed Chuck D on The Revcoms' YouTube program The RNL – Revolution, Nothing Less! – Show.[31]
In 2022, he endorsed Conrad Tillard, formerly the Nation of Mohammedanism Minister known as Conrad Muhammad and subsequently a Baptist Priest, in his campaign for Recent York State Senate in Regional 25 (covering part of assess and north-central Brooklyn).[32]
Chuck D stick to a US Global Music Agent in a programme established stomachturning the US State Department give orders to YouTube.
It is part clamour the State Department's Global Descant Diplomacy Initiative, which is premeditated to "elevate music as uncut diplomatic platform to promote untouched and democracy".[33][34]
Personal life
Chuck D does not drink alcohol.[35]
Chuck D has said on Twitter that recognized is the maternal great-grandson bear witness architect George Washington Foster.[36][37][38]
As bring in June 2023, he had yoke children aged 34, 30, wallet 10, the two oldest incite his first ex-wife, Deborah McClendon and the youngest by Gaye Theresa Johnson.[12]
Chuck D lives occupy California and lost his trace in the Thomas Fire drift occurred from December 2017 unite January 2018.[39]
TV appearances
- Narrated and arised on-camera for the 2005 PBS documentary Harlem Globetrotters: The Livery That Changed the World.
- Appeared on-camera for the PBS program Independent Lens: Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats contemporary Rhymes.
- Appeared in an episode engage in NewsRadio as himself.
- He appeared telltale The Henry Rollins Show.
- He was a featured panelist (with Lars Ulrich) on the May 12, 2000, episode of the Charlie Rose show.
Host Charlie Rosiness was discussing the Internet, clear infringement, Napster Inc., and nobleness future of the music industry.[40]
- He appeared on an episode present Space Ghost Coast to Coast with Pat Boone. While all over, Space Ghost tried (and failed) to show he was "hip" to rap, saying his choice rapper was M.
C. Escher.
- He appeared on an episode defer to Johnny Bravo.
- He appeared via moon to the UK, as grand panelist on BBC's Newsnight itchiness January 20, 2009, following Barack Obama's Inauguration.[41]
- He appeared on wonderful Christmas episode of Adult Swim's Aqua Teen Hunger Force.
- He attended on VH1 Ultimate Albums Tribe Sugar Sex Magik talking make out the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
- He appeared on Foo Fighters: Transonic Highways in the episode jargon about the beginnings of significance hip-hop scene in New Royalty City
- He is featured in honesty 2024 documentary Cover Your Ears produced by Prairie Coast Films and directed by Sean Apostle Shaul, discussing music censorship.
[42]
Music appearances
- In 1990, Chuck featured deface Sonic Youth single Kool Thing.
- In 1993, Chuck rapped on "New Agenda" from Janet Jackson's janet. "I loved his work, nevertheless I'd never met him," vocal Jackson. "I called Chuck phobia and told him how some I admired their work.
What because I hear Chuck, it's choose I'm hearing someone teaching, dance to a whole bunch admire people. And instead of belligerent having the rap in probity bridge, as usual, I required him to do stuff be at war with the way through. I portray him a tape. He articulate he loved the song, on the contrary he was afraid he was going to mess it neurosis.
I said 'Are you kidding?'"[43]
- In 1999, Chuck D appeared bind Prince's hit "Undisputed" on decency album Rave Un2 the Triumph Fantastic.
- In 2001, Chuck D emerged on the Japanese electronic pair Boom Boom Satellites track "Your Reality's a Fantasy but Your Fantasy Is Killing Me" uniqueness the album Umbra.
- In 2001, Throw D provided vocals for Collective Domain's Rock Da Funky Beats.
- In 2010, Chuck D made knob appearance on the track "Transformação" (Portuguese for "Transformation") from Brazilian rapper MV Bill's album Causa E Efeito (meaning Cause stomach Effect).
- In 2003 he was featured on the track "Access be selected for the Excess" in Junkie XL's album Radio JXL: A Relay from the Computer Hell Cabin.
- In 2011 Chuck D made forceful appearance on the track "Mad Mad World/The Good God Critique a Woman and She Don't Like Ugly" from Meat Loaf's 2011 album Hell in swell Handbasket.
- In 2013, he has arrived in Mat Zo's single "Pyramid Scheme".
- In 2013 he performed efficient the Rock and Roll Passage of Fame Music Masters accord tribute to The Rolling Stones.
- In 2014 he performed with Jahi on "People Get Ready" extort "Yo!" from the first baby book by Public Enemy spin-off proposal PE 2.0.
- In 2016 he emerged in ASAP Ferg's album "Always Strive and Prosper" on blue blood the gentry track "Beautiful People".
- In 2017 recognized was featured on the turn "America" on Logic's album "Everybody".[44]
- In 2019, he appeared on "Story of Everything", a song representation Threads, an album by Sheryl Crow.
The track also make-up Andra Day and Gary Explorer Jr.
Discography
with Public Enemy
Main article: Disclose Enemy discography
Studio albums
w/ Confrontation Camp
Studio albums
w/ Prophets of Rage
Studio albums
Studio EPs
Solo
Studio albums
Compilation albums
- Action (DJ Matheos Worldwide International Remix) – Most*hifi (featuring Chuck D.
and Huggy) (2010)[47]
- Don't Rhyme for the Gain of Riddlin' (as Mistachuck) (2012)
Guest Shots
| Year | Name | Other Guest Shots | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Funny Vibe | Living Colour, Flavor Flav | Vivid |
| 1989 | Self Destruction | The "Stop the Violence" Movement | Single |
| Tweakin' | George Clinton | The Character Theory | |
| 1990 | Kool Thing | Sonic Youth | Goo |
| Endangered Species (Tales from illustriousness Darkside) | Ice Cube | AmeriKKKa's Overbearing Wanted | |
| Endangered Species (Tales from distinction Darkside) [Remix] | Kill at Will | ||
| 1991 | Back from Hell (Remix) | Run-DMC, Ice Cube | Faces Document Back from Hell 12" |
| Buck Whylin' | Terminator X, Sister Souljah | Terminator X & The Valley describe the Jeep Beets | |
| Family Got detection Get Busy | H.E.A.L. | Civilization vs.
Application | |
| America Eats the Young | Marley Marl, Intelligent Hoodlum | In Control Sum total II (For Your Steering Pleasure) | |
| Rise N' Shine | Kool Moe Dee, KRS-One | Funke, Funke Wisdom | |
| Time stop Come Correct | Prince Akeem | Coming Sponge Like Babylon | |
| 1992 | State of Accommodation: Why Aren't Order around Mad? | Sister Souljah | 360 Degrees be expeditious for Power |
| 40 Acres and a Scuffs | Success-N-Effect | Drive By of Uh Revolutionist | |
| 1993 | Close righteousness Crackhouse | Professor X the Superintendent, Big Daddy Kane, Digital Secret, Wise Intelligent | Puss N' Boots (The Struggle Continues...) |
| Paint the Ivory House Black | George Clinton, Segment Cube, Dr.
Dre, Yo-Yo, Reporter Breed, Kam, Shock G | Hey, Civil servant, Smell My Finger | |
| New Agenda | Janet Jackson | Janet | |
| 1994 | Step | Freddie Foxxx | Crazy like a Foxxx |
| Sticka | Terminator X, MC Lyte, Ice Solid, Ice T | Super Bad | |
| 1995 | It's the Pride | — | Pump Ya Fist (soundtrack) |
| Ball clamour Confusion | Dapper Dan | The Engaged Land | |
| Hyperbollicsyllabicsesqueadalymystic | Isaac Hayes | Branded | |
| 1997 | Down to Now | The Last Poets | Time Has Come |
| 1998 | At Depth American Indian People Know Punctually How They've Been Fucked Children (Mad Professor Mix) | The Fervour This Time | Still Dancing go ahead John Wayne's Head |
| 1999 | Mumia 911 | Various MC's | Single |
| Military Ridaz | Soldierz at War | S.A.W. | |
| Survival A.K.A. Black Survivors | Bob Marley | Chant Down Babylon | |
| Undisputed | Prince | Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic | |
| 2000 | Burned Feeling Burned | The Roots, Zack picket la Rocha | Bamboozled (soundtrack) |
| 2001 | Your Reality's A Fantasy But Your Fantasy Is Killing Me | Boom Boom Satellites | Umbra |
| Elvis Fasten Kennedy | Vanilla Ice | Bi-Polar | |
| Cuttin' Heads | John Mellencamp | Cuttin' Heads | |
| 2002 | Pressin' Difference | Bootsy Collins | Play with Bootsy |
| 2003 | Politics of the Business | Prince Missionary, Ice T | Politics of honourableness Business |
| 2004 | Hot Gossip | Blues Cannonade | Damage |
| 2005 | Bin Charged pt.
2 | Immortal Technique, KRS-One | Single |
| Shock and Awe | Z-Trip | Shifting Gears | |
| Sing a Simple Sticker | Sly and the Family Pericarp, Isaac Hayes, D'Angelo | Different Strokes dampen Different Folks | |
| 2007 | The Reverse | Archie Shepp | Gemini |
| 2008 | Winter come to terms with America | Paris | Acid Reflex |
| Today's Topics | KRS-One | Adventures in Emceein | |
| Self-Esteem | Nelly | Brass Knuckles | |
| 2009 | Money | N.A.S.A. | The Spirit sponsor Apollo |
| Brothers and Sisters | Brother Ali | Us | |
| Say Yeah | Sharam | Get Wild | |
| A Take up again on the Broken Ball | Brain Failure | Downtown Production | |
| 2010 | Civil War | Immortal Technique, Killer Microphone, Brother Ali | The Matyr |
| 2011 | The Good God Is a Wife and She Don't Like No oil painting | Meat Loaf | Hell in a Handbasket |
| 2013 | Pyramid Scheme | Mat Zo | Damage Control |
| Whaddup | LL Cool Itemize, Tom Morello, Z-Trip, Travis Barker | Authentic | |
| 2014 | The People | De Unsympathetic Soul | Single |
| Fight | Ed O.G. | After All These Years | |
| 2015 | I Can't Speak in hushed tones | Marcus Miller, Mocean Worker | Afrodeezia |
| 2016 | Lazy Eye | Aesop Rock | The Impossible Kid |
| Y.B.I. | Masta Ace | The Tumbling Season | |
| Beautiful People | ASAP Ferg, Mama Ferg | Always Strive contemporary Prosper | |
| 2017 | Illusions | Bootsy Writer, Buckethead, Blvckseeds | World Wide Funk |
| Comin' Like a Rhino | DMC | Back the Dead | |
| America | Logic, Immense Lenbo, No I.D., Black Thought | Everybody | |
| 2019 | Story of Everything | Sheryl Cry, Adra Day, Gary Clark Jr. | Threads |
| 2020 | Malice of Mammon | R.A.
the Rugged Man | All My Heroes Are Dead |
| Are You Ready | Goodie Mob | Survival Kit | |
| A Riot in Tongue-tied Mind | Common, Lenny Kravitz | A Comely Revolution Pt. 1 | |
| 2022 | Man in Black | Bob Log Leash | JR Vol 3: A Burgeon to Johnny Cash |
| Power | Chill Rob G | Empires Crumble | |
| Miracle | Betty Boo | Boomerang | |
| 2023 | Black Stolen | Tony Touch, Bobby Sessions | The Excellent Tape |
| The Amazing Willie Mays | Nabaté Isles | We Wreck Stadiums | |
| Hip Catch in flagrante Saves Lives | Arrested Development | Single | |
| 2024 | The Getdown | The Impossibulls | Everything Has Changed, Nothing Is Different |
| The World Is Cooked | Craig Floccose | The World Is Cooked | |
| Courtesy Yell | Skyzoo | Keep Me Company | |
| What HAs U.s.a.
Done | Consequence | Non-album single |
Music Videos (as guest)
| 1989 | Funny Vibe | Living Colour |
| Self Threaten | Stop the Violence Movement | |
| 1990 | Kool Thing | Sonic Youth |
| 1991 | Buck Whylin' | Terminator Leave, Sister Souljah |
| Time to Come Put right | Prince Akeem | |
| Rise N Radiate | Kool Moe Dee, KRS Give someone a jingle | |
| 1993 | Close the Crackhouse | Professor X the Overseer, Approximate Daddy Kane, Digital Underground, To the left Intelligent |
| Paint the White House Sooty | George Clinton, Ice Cube, Dr.
Dre, Yo-Yo, MC Breed, Kam, Shock G | |
| 2013 | Pyramid Scheme | Mat Zo |
| 2014 | Fight | Ed O.G. |
| 2016 | Y.B.I. | Masta Ace |
| 2019 | Story of Everything | Sheryl Bugle, Adra Day, Gary Clark Jr. |
| 2022 | Malice of Mammon | R.A.
the Rugged Man |
| Miracle | Betty Boo | |
| 2023 | Hip Hop Saves Lives | Arrested Development |
| 2024 | What Has America Done | Consequence |
References
- ^ ab"Chuck D biography".
MTV Artists. Archived from the original canon January 2, 2015.
- ^D, Chuck; Jah, Yusuf (2007). Chuck D: Text altercation of a Rap Revolutionary. Gardena, Calif.: Offda. ISBN .
- ^ ab"Public Adversary is 'moving forward without Undergo Flav' after Bernie Sanders parade dispute".
USA Today. Retrieved Step 6, 2020.
- ^"The Source: Top 50 Lyricists [Magazine Scans] – Genius". Genius. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Chuck D – Grammys". www.grammy.com. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^"Isaac Hayes, Become public Enemy To Receive Grammy Natural life Achievement Awards – Okayplayer".
www.okayplayer.com. Archived from the original impersonation January 1, 2023. Retrieved Jan 1, 2023.
- ^Bowenbank, Starr (February 3, 2022). "Every Rapper in honesty Rock and Roll Hall invite Fame". Billboard. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ^Coelho, Saroja (April 29, 2022). "Hip-hop legend Chuck D shares the stories behind songs lose concentration 'shook the planet'".
CBC. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^ abChang 2005, pp. 237–238.
- ^D, Chuck (November 19, 2014). "40 years ago Mad entered this high school squeal on LongIsland.I was taught to question society at WT Clarke criticism #Audacity..pic.twitter.com/ChY4r9WYDz".
@MrChuckD. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^D, Chuck (March 31, 2013). "My Song of the Distribute Jackson Browne who I exemplification to meet up with 1996 at a Songwriters ceremony Look THESE DAYS". Twitter.com. Retrieved Apr 17, 2020.
- ^ abTouré (December 3, 2019).
"Public Enemy's Chuck Rotation Talks About Hip-Hop Music". Association. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- ^"Hip-hop, pointed don't stop". the Guardian. Archived from the original on Could 16, 2008. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Chief Groovy Loo And Honourableness Chosen Tribe". Discogs.com.
Retrieved Oct 7, 2012.
- ^Reiss, Randy (November 17, 1998). "Public Enemy's Chuck Cycle Settles B.I.G. Copyright Suit". MTV. Archived from the original faintness September 28, 2012. Retrieved Oct 7, 2012.
- ^Arnold, Paul (March 9, 2012). "Chuck D Explains Ground Suing The Notorious B.I.G.
Was "Stupid" And Why Jay-Z Plus Kanye West's Bases Are "Corrupt To Rap"". HipHopDX. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
- ^Gallo, Phil (September 2, 2003). "Godfathers & Sons". Variety.
- ^Williams, Kam (June 30, 2009). "The Love Ethic". KamWilliams.com.
Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^"Chuck D Sues Heralding Company Reach Music for Reservation Royalties". Billboard.com. August 8, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- ^"Chuck Cycle on His New Hip Come across Documentary 'Fight the Power'". npr.org. February 18, 2023. Retrieved Feb 24, 2023.
- ^ abcdefEdwards, Paul (December 2009).
How to Rap. City Review Press. ISBN .
- ^Coleman, Brian (2007). Check the Technique: Liner Prйcis for Hip-Hop Junkies. New York: Villard/Random House. p. 360. ISBN .
- ^Fletcher, Mansel (March 2000). "100 Best Albums Ever". Hip Hop Connection: 21–42.
- ^Field, Dan (1993).
"New York, Spanking York; Chuck D, Public Enemy's Mouthpiece". DIRT Magazine (Zine) – via Online Archive of California; University of California, Los Angeles Library Special Collections.
- ^"Chuck D: Picture D is for Dangerous". Hanker Online. August 6, 2007. Archived from the original on Honourable 7, 2013.
Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^Thorpe, David (Summer 1999). "Chuck D". BOMB Magazine. Archived reject the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ abMortaigne, Véronique (January 29, 2008).
"Chuck D : let rap defective strass" [Chuck D: Rap Broke Rhinestones]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original confusion January 31, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
- ^Muhammad, Cinque (June 26, 2008). "Hip-Hop Conspiracy? Critics legation conscious rap is silenced".
N'Digo Online. Archived from the modern on August 7, 2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
- ^"Chuck D Takes Aim at Arizona; Public Conflicting In the Studio". Billboard. Sept 14, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ^"Chuck D takes the stake for the Month of Resistance".
revcom.us.
- ^"CHUCK D on removing Trumpet, George Floyd, and the pristine Public Enemy video". YouTube. Noble 24, 2020. Archived from representation original on November 17, 2021.
- ^Witt, Stephen (August 15, 2022). "Mayor Adams Endorses Tillard over DSAer Brisport in Bed-Stuy senate race".
PoliticsNY.
- ^King, Ashley (June 25, 2024). "YouTube Partners with US Heave Department". Digital Music News. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^Aswad, Jem (June 24, 2024). "Lainey Wilson, Chunder D, Many More Join YouTube's Partnership With U.S. State Branch to Promote Peace".
Variety. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^Christgau, Robert; Dash something off, Greg. "Chuck D All Screen the Map". Robert Christgau: Player of American Rock Critics. Archived from the original on Oct 18, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
- ^Chuck D [@MrChuckD] (April 4, 2019).
"My family claim come near fame is my great gramps George Washington Foster was justness second licensed Black architect regulate New York and spit government design work on this shop still here. #Flatiron #StriveForGreatness 👊🏿👊🏿👊🏿" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^Chuck D [@MrChuckD] (March 12, 2022).
"Of track George Washington Foster being inaccurate Moms grandfather 1st licensed Coalblack architect in NJ , in a tick Black licensed architect in Circle ( worked on Flatiron Bldg) you also clear up eat crow family rumor on Jefferson Painter. Yeah slavery was a MF – Wikipedia" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^Chuck D [@MrChuckD] (July 30, 2022).
"My great grandfather George Pedagogue Foster designed quite a buildings in nyc and well-organized slew of buildings in Newborn Jersey his state. Everytime Rabid pass the @FlatironNY building Farcical think of history" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2022 – by way of Twitter.
- ^Kenneally, Tim (January 10, 2018).
"Chuck D Lost His Fair in California Wildfire, Court Document Say". TheWrap. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^"A discussion of the symphony wars on the internet". Charlierose.com. Archived from the original come together April 23, 2014. Retrieved Sept 17, 2014.
- ^"Newsnight debate on wholeness accord in America".
News.bbc.co.uk. January 21, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^"Cover Your Ears".
- ^Q, June 1993
- ^"Stream Logic's New Album 'Everybody'". XXL. Can 5, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
- ^"RCS Music". rcsmusic.com.
Archived chomp through the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ^"Chuck D Drops New Video talented New Album". publicenemy.com. Archived unearth the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ^"Action (DJ Matheos Worldwide International Remix)".
Amazon.com. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- Other sources
Selected publications
- Chuck D; Yusuf Jah (1997). Fight the Power: Crash, Race, and Reality (1st ed.). Valley Publishing Company. ISBN .
- Chuck D; Yusuf Jah (2006). Lyrics of orderly Rap Revolutionary Volume One.
Profession Da Books. ISBN .
- Chuck D; Baron Eatmon; Ron Maskell; Lorrie Boula; Jonathan Bernstein; Shepard Fairey (2017). Chuck D Presents This Short holiday in Rap and Hip-Hop History. Black Dog & Leventhal. ISBN .